Review Questions

  1. What is the difference between a host and an end system? List several different types of end systems. Is a Web server an end system?

    • There is no difference. Throughout this text, the words “host” and “end system” are used interchangeably.
    • End systems include PCs, workstations, Web servers, mail servers, PDAs(Personal Digital Assistants), Internet-connected game consoles, etc.
    • Yes.

  2. The word protocol is often used to describe diplomatic relations. How does Wikipedia describe diplomatic protocol?

    From Wikipedia: Diplomatic protocol is commonly described as a set of international courtesy rules. These well-established and time-honored rules have made it easier for nations and people to live and work together. Part of protocol has always been the acknowledgment of the hierarchical standing of all present. Protocol rules are based on the principles of civility.

  3. Why are standards important for protocols?
    Standards are important for protocols so that people can create networking systems and products that interoperate.